Which metabolic process is primarily utilized during short, explosive activities like sprinting?

The correct answer is based on the fact that short, explosive activities like sprinting primarily rely on anaerobic alactic metabolism, also known as the phosphagen system. This metabolic process provides a quick burst of energy by utilizing stored ATP and phosphocreatine in the muscles. During high-intensity efforts lasting only a few seconds, the body draws on these immediate energy stores without the need for oxygen, allowing for rapid muscle contractions.

Anaerobic alactic metabolism is particularly crucial for activities requiring maximum effort over short durations, such as sprints or jumps, because it allows the body to generate energy quickly without the longer delays associated with aerobic systems. In contrast, other metabolic pathways like anaerobic lactic and aerobic metabolism are more suited for sustained activities; anaerobic lactic processes produce lactate during high-intensity efforts lasting slightly longer, while aerobic metabolism is used for endurance activities that require oxygen to produce energy over extended periods. Therefore, the short duration and intensity of sprinting make anaerobic alactic metabolism the primary energy source.